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Guzzle 使用dome案例 及 多线程异步案例
虽然早就知道很多人用 Guzzle 爬数据,但是我却从来没有真正实践过,因为在我的潜意识里,抓取是 Python 的地盘。不过前段时间,当我抓汽车之家数据的时候,好心人跟我提起 Goutte 搭配 Guzzle 是最好的爬虫,让我一直记挂在心上,加上最近打算更新一下车型数据,于是我便重写了抓取汽车之家数据的脚本。
因为我是通过接口抓取,而不是网页,所以暂时用不上 Goutte,只用 Guzzle 就可以了,抓取过程中需要注意两点:首先需要注意的是通过并发节省时间,其次需要注意的是失败重试的步骤。算了,我不想说了,直接贴代码吧。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 | <?php require "vendor/autoload.php"; use GuzzleHttp\Pool; use GuzzleHttp\Client; use GuzzleHttp\Middleware; use GuzzleHttp\HandlerStack; use GuzzleHttp\Psr7\Request; // 品牌 $brands = []; // 车系 $series = []; // 车型 $models = []; // 配置 $configs = []; $timeout = 10; $concurrency = 100; ini_set("memory_limit", "512M"); $stack = HandlerStack::create(); $stack->push(Middleware::retry( function($retries) { return $retries < 3; }, function($retries) { return pow(2, $retries - 1); } )); $client = new Client([ "debug" => true, "timeout" => $timeout, "base_uri" => "https://cars.app.autohome.com.cn", "headers" => [ "User-Agent" => "Android\t6.0.1\tautohome\t8.3.0\tAndroid", ], "handler" => $stack, ]); // 品牌列表页 $url = "/cars_v8.3.0/cars/brands-pm2.json"; $response = $client->get($url); $contents = $response->getBody()->getContents(); $contents = json_decode($contents, true); $contents = $contents["result"]["brandlist"]; foreach ($contents as $values) { $initial = $values["letter"]; foreach ($values["list"] as $v) { $brands[$v["id"]] = [ "id" => $v["id"], "name" => $v["name"], "initial" => $initial, ]; } } $brands = array_values($brands); ### $requests = function ($brands) { foreach ($brands as $v) { $id = $v["id"]; // 品牌介绍页 $url = "/cars_v8.3.0/cars/getbrandinfo-pm2-b{$id}.json"; yield new Request("GET", $url); } }; $pool = new Pool($client, $requests($brands), [ "concurrency" => $concurrency, "fulfilled" => function ($response, $index) use(&$brands) { $contents = $response->getBody()->getContents(); $contents = json_decode($contents, true); $contents = $contents["result"]["list"]; $contents = $contents ? $contents[0]["description"] : "暂无"; $contents = trim(str_replace(["\r\n", ","], ["\n", ","], $contents)); $brands[$index]["description"] = $contents; }, ]); $pool->promise()->wait(); $requests = function ($brands) { foreach ($brands as $v) { $id = $v["id"]; // 车系列表页 $url = "/cars_v8.3.0/cars/seriesprice-pm2-b{$id}-t16-v8.3.0.json"; yield new Request("GET", $url); } }; $pool = new Pool($client, $requests($brands), [ "concurrency" => $concurrency, "fulfilled" => function ($response, $index) use(&$series, $brands) { $contents = $response->getBody()->getContents(); $contents = json_decode($contents, true); $contents = $contents["result"]; $brand_id = $brands[$index]["id"]; foreach (["fctlist", "otherfctlist"] as $field) { $values = $contents[$field]; foreach ($values as $value) { $factory = $value["name"]; foreach ($value["serieslist"] as $v) { list($min, $max) = explode("-", $v["price"]) + [1 => 0]; $min_price = $min * 10000; $max_price = $max * 10000; if ($max_price == 0) { $max_price = $min_price; } $series[$v["id"]] = [ "id" => $v["id"], "name" => $v["name"], "level" => $v["levelname"], "factory" => $factory, "min_price" => $min_price, "max_price" => $max_price, "brand_id" => $brand_id, ]; } } } }, ]); $pool->promise()->wait(); $series = array_values($series); ### $requests = function ($series) { foreach ($series as $v) { $id = $v["id"]; // 车型列表页 $url = "/carinfo_v8.3.0/cars/seriessummary-pm2-s{$id}-t-c110100-v8.3.0.json"; yield new Request("GET", $url); } }; $pool = new Pool($client, $requests($series), [ "concurrency" => $concurrency, "fulfilled" => function ($response, $index) use(&$models, $series) { $contents = $response->getBody()->getContents(); $contents = json_decode($contents, true); $contents = $contents["result"]['enginelist']; $series_id = $series[$index]["id"]; foreach ($contents as $values) { if (in_array($values["yearvalue"], [0, 1])) { continue; } foreach ($values["yearspeclist"] as $value) { foreach ($value["speclist"] as $v) { if (isset($models[$v["id"]])) { continue; } $price = $v["price"] * 10000; $description = trim($v["description"]); if (!$description) { $description = "暂无"; } $models[$v["id"]] = [ "id" => $v["id"], "name" => $v["name"], "status" => $v["state"], "price" => $price, "description" => $description, "series_id" => $series_id, ]; } } } }, ]); $pool->promise()->wait(); $models = array_values($models); ### $requests = function ($models) { foreach ($models as $v) { $id = $v["id"]; // 车型参数页 $url = "/cfg_v8.3.0/cars/speccompare.ashx?pm=2&type=1&specids={$id}&cityid=110100&site=2&pl=2"; yield new Request("GET", $url); } }; $pool = new Pool($client, $requests($models), [ "concurrency" => $concurrency, "fulfilled" => function ($response, $index) use(&$models, &$configs) { $contents = $response->getBody()->getContents(); $contents = json_decode($contents, true); $contents = $contents["result"]; $models[$index]["config"] = []; foreach (["paramitems", "configitems"] as $key) { $values = $contents[$key]; foreach ($values as $value) { $category = $value["itemtype"]; foreach ($value["items"] as $v) { $id = $v["id"]; if ($id < 1) { continue; } $name = $v["name"]; $value = $v["modelexcessids"][0]["value"]; if ($value != "-") { $models[$index]["config"][$id] = $value; } if (!isset($configs[$category][$id])) { $configs[$category][$id] = [ "id" => $id, "name" => $name, "category" => $category, ]; } } } } $models[$index]["config"] = json_encode( $models[$index]["config"], JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE ); }, ]); $pool->promise()->wait(); $configs = call_user_func_array("array_merge", $configs); // todo: 保存数据 ?> |
编写此类工具性质的脚本无需考虑面向对象之类的弯弯绕,一马平川的流水账往往是最好的选择。运行前记得先通过 composer 安装 guzzle,整个运行过程大概会执行三万次抓取请求,可以抓取汽车之家完整的品牌,车系,车型及配置等相关数据,总耗时大概十分钟左右,效率还是可以接受的。
文章为转载:https://huoding.com/2017/08/23/633
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